Islamiyat GCE O levels

Best resource for O'level Islamiat BOOKS: (1) ISLAMIYAT a core text for olevels (by, David R. Thomas and Mustafa draper) (2) ISLAMIYAT (by, Farkhanda Noor Muhammad) (3) O'LEVEL ISLAMIAT (by, Iftikhar ul Haq and Maulavi Jahangir) (4) ISLAMIAT (yearly) Redspot OTHER MATERIAL: (1) Marking Schemes (click here for all marking schemes) (2) Complete Notes for Islamiat (Bilal Aslam) (click here to download) Download Islamiat REVISION GUIDLINE here Download Complete ISLAMIAT course Here are complete Islamiat notes for you. To download the file CLICK HERE Cambridge O'level Islamiat (2058) Syllabus 2011 FOR FULL SYLLABUS ( Click Here ) Paper 1 1. Major themes of the Qur’an Three groups of passages are set for close study. These relate to the themes of: God in himself God’s relationship with the created world God’s Messengers. Candidates should explore: • the major theme or themes of the Qur’an that appear in each passage, and • the way each passage presents its theme(s) in its own particular way. Candidates should study the passages in a recognised English translation, but with reference to the original Arabic text. In the examination passages will be set in both Arabic and English.Candidates should demonstrate knowledge of the original as well as the translation. Appendix 1 lists the passages for examination in 2011. These are reviewed each year and may change. 2. The history and importance of the Qur’an Candidates should study: • the revelation of the Qur’an to the Prophet between the years 610 and 632 • the account of the compilation of the Qur’an under the Rightly Guided Caliphs • the major themes of the Qur’an as contained both in the passages set for special study and in other similar passages • the use of the Qur’an in legal thinking, and its relationship with the Hadiths, consensus (ijma‘ ) and analogy (qiyas) • its significance as the basis of all thought and action in Islam. 3. The life and importance of the Prophet Muhammad Candidates should study: • the main events of the Prophet’s life from his birth to his call to prophethood • the main events of his activities in Makka and his experiences with his opponents • the main events of his activities in Madina, his leadership of the community there and his conflicts with the Makkans and others • his actions and character • the importance of his actions as examples for Muslim individuals in their personal conduct and relations with others including women and non-Muslims • the importance of his actions as examples for Muslim communities in their relations with other states • his significance as Seal of the Prophets and last Messenger of God. Candidates should be able to give accounts of the main events of the Prophet’s life, and his significance in Muslim beliefs. They should also be able to explain the importance of his actions and experiences in the history and beliefs of Islam, particularly in the way they provide examples for present day Muslim individuals and communities. In the examination, there will be either one or two questions on this topic. 4. The first Islamic community Candidates should study: • the Prophet’s wives • his descendants, including his children, grandchildren and the direct line recognised among Shi‘a Muslims as Imams • his leading Companions, including the Ten Blessed Companions, his Scribes, the major characters who surrounded him in his ministry, the Emigrants and Helpers, and the four Rightly-Guided Caliphs during his lifetime. (Note that the period of the Rightly-Guided Caliphs’ rules after the time of the Prophet is included in the Syllabus under Paper 2.) Candidates should know the names of the main characters who lived with and near the Prophet, and the significant facts of their lives. They should also be able to explain the importance of their actions and experiences in the history and beliefs of Islam. In the examination, there will be either one or two questions on this topic. Paper 2 1. Major teachings in the Hadiths of the Prophet Two groups of passages are set for close study. These relate to: • individual conduct • life in the community. Candidates should study the teachings contained in each passage about what Muslims should believe and how they should act.Candidates should study the passages with reference to the original Arabic text as well as the English translation. In the examination, passages will be set in both Arabic and English. Appendix 2 contains the passages for examination in 2011. These are reviewed each year and may change. 2. The history and importance of the Hadiths Candidates should study: • the history of the compilation of the Hadiths • the earliest collections • the main musnad and musannaf collections • the main compilers and their activities • The methods based on examination of the chain of transmitters (isnad) and the text (matn) of a Hadith to test the reliability of the Hadith • The main features of the six collections of Sunni Hadiths and the four collections of Shi‘a Hadiths • The major themes of the Hadiths as these are contained both in the passages set for special study and in other similar passages • their use in legal thinking, and their relationship with the Qur’an, consensus (ijma‘) and analogy (qiyas) • their significance in thought and action in Islam. 3. The period of rule of the Rightly Guided Caliphs and their importance as leaders Candidates should study: • the main events of the rules of the four Caliphs • their policies in maintaining and expanding the state • their approaches to leading the community • their main achievements • the main difficulties they encountered • their significance as examples of leadership • the importance of their rules as models for government today • their importance as examples for Muslim communities in their relations with other states.(Note that the lives and activities of the Caliphs during the Prophet’s lifetime are included in the Syllabus in Paper 1.) Candidates should know the main events of the rules of the four Caliphs, and should explore the significance of these events for the early and later history of Islam. They should also understand the importance of their rules as examples for later times. In the examination, there will be either one or two questions on this topic. 4. The Articles of Faith and the Pillars of Islam Candidates should study: • the Six Articles of Faith: • God, including what Muslims believe about him • angels, their nature and duties • books, their contents and purpose • prophets, their character and function • God’s predestination and decree, its meaning and significance • Resurrection and the last day, the main events and its significance. • Jihad in its range of meanings, physical, mental and spiritual. • the Five Pillars of Islam: • the declaration of faith, shahada, including the significance of what it contains • prayer, salat, including preparations, its performance and importance, congregational prayers on Fridays and festivals, times of prayer, the place of prayer, private prayer, delayed prayer • alms-giving, zakat, how it is performed and its significance in the community • fasting, sawm, including the way it is observed, its significance and those exempted • pilgrimage, hajj, including the main observances involved and their significance. Candidates should know about each of these beliefs and observances, and should also understand their significance in the faith and action of individual Muslims and of Muslim communities. In the examination, there will be either one or two questions on this topic Posted by Arsalan Ahmad at 10:00 No comments: Email This BlogThis! Share to Twitter Share to Facebook Share to Pinterest Labels: ISLAMIYAT NOTES GCE O LEVELS, QUranic passage, REsorces NOTES ON QURANIC PASSAGES ACCORDING TO THE NEW PATTERN 1. Ayat al Kursi [2:255] 1a- Themes: This discuss about the theme “Allah in himself & Verse of Throne” . The main theme of this verse is Tauheed. Allah is unlike other beings. Allah doesn’t have any relation. Allah has the greatest knowledge, both of the manifest and of the hidden. It is also said in Holy Qur’an (21:110), “It is He who knows what is open in speech and what you hide (in your hearts)”. The throne represents how great His power & knowledge is. It declares the Power to control everything on earth & heavens & knowledge of everything that happens. 1b-Merits of Allah & His attributes are recognized in it. One virtue of it is that more reward is obtained from reciting it than any other verse. We should always proclaim the Tauheed of Allah and should not associate any creature in His attributes. Regarding benefits of recitation. Abu Umamah Al Bahili (رضی اللھ عنہ) reported: The Prophet (صلی اللھ علیہ وآلہ وسلم) said: “The one who recites it let each of the obligation prayers, then death will be the only thing preventing him from entering Paradise”. [Ibn Sunni, Ibn Hibban] Believers must realize that all powers belongs to Allah so turn only towards Him only for help & support in daily lives. Man must never be proud of his knowledge and talent but always thank His creator who is the source of all knowledge. 2. Al-Anaam [6:101 – 103] 2 a-Themes: Allah in himself is discussed in this Passage. This was revealed in Makkah. It tells us about His Tawhid, absolute unity and authority over all universe. It describes His oneness in Being, nature and attributes that of what He created entire universe solely. “To Him belong all that is in the heaven and on earth, For verily Allah- He is free of all wants, worthy of praises.” (Al-Hajj 22:64) It elaborates His oneness in Existence, when He alone created entire universe amazingly, why odes He needs support of children or grandchildren? It highlights His attribute of being so fine and subtle as to be invisible to physical eye & imperceptible to the senses. 2 b- It points out that the original Creator of the universe is Almighty Allah. So the doctrine of Tawhid explains Allah’s immense power & unlimited knowledge, so it demands us to demonstrate our firm belief by boning down before Him in all submission and worship like the other creations. It negates any form of Shirk by any of our action of daily life. Man should utilize the amazing human mind to understand the purpose of life, his beginning, his end, the glamour of this short lived life and then he reaches to the creator of all these. Thus the creator should be regarded original & eternal & be truly worshipped alone as (He &) His attributes beyond His creations imagination. 3. Fussilat [Ha Mim Sajdah 41:37] 3 a- Themes: This Passage is also related to the topic “Allah in himself” & this revelation shows some of the signs of Allah which signifies His Wisdom, Glory & Power. The signs are shown to men to bring their attention towards their Creator so they worship Him alone and praise Him. His kingdom will not diminish if the disbelievers do not believe in Him, nor will it be extended if many people believe in Him. On the contrary, the disbelievers will lose, and the believers will gain, but Allah is above all of that. Qur’an says, “… but if any deny faith, Allah stands not in need of any of His creatures.” (3:97). Lastly the revelation discusses another unique power of Allah to raise men again after death just as He gives life to barren land by pouring rain. 3b- All sources, objects and activity in the universe are under the supreme control of Allah and are evident witness of His supremacy. Believers are bound to worship Allah alone in order to appreciate His Creative power. It is unlawful to prostrate before anything/anyone else besides Allah, whether the intention is to worship that thing/person or serve respect as these types of prostration are clearly prohibited in Islam. Prostrations were permitted to previous nations to pay honour & respect and were a symbol of respect and honour, but now for Muslims prostration is only reserved for Allah. It creates fear of Allah but abolish fear of worldly status etc. 4. Ash Shura [42: 4 – 5] 4 a- Themes: The Theme contained in it is about “Allah in himself”. It is a part of a Makki Surah which describes Oneness of Allah in Lordship and His exclusive ownership of the earth and heavens. It explains the greatness and sublimity of Allah that the highest heavens are almost ready to burst into pieces by His Glory. Allah says in Surah Al Aaraaf, “... But My mercy extends to all things ….” (7:156). It further elaborates His mercy that due to His acceptance of prayers of Angels & forgiveness for men the earth isn’t burst by his glory. 4 b- It emphasis man to put his trust in Allah only and treat Him the only Independent. It realizes that man should rely upon the sole Beneficent Allah and not upon worldly sources as worldly things can only do good to man if Allah wills. We have to supplicate before Allah for having the grant of pardon & favour, keeping in view that Angles who were ordered for prostration before Adam seeks human’s pardon, why not the vicegerent of Allah on earth should submit for pardon & favour for themselves. It prevents us from beginning from the creations. 5. Surah Al-Ikhlaas [112: 1 – 4] 5 a- Themes: Unity of Allah and the merits of Lordship is declared in this Surah. This Surah is treated as the One third of The Holy Qur’an. It tells us about Tauheed/ Unity of Allah & the merits of the Lordship. It declares that there is No plurality of God. It teaches His Oneness in Existence. Holy Qur’an says, “And your God is One God…….”(2:163). It explains that He doesn’t have any partner or ancestors or descendants etc. He can’t be conceived in our own pattern. He is matchless & Unique in nature & attributes. 5 b- It highlights that Allah has no family tree or progeny, thus negates all corrupted beliefs as Allah is simply beyond human comprehension. Allah is worthy of worship alone so it rejects the actions of those who worship other creations of Allah. It emphasis to man about the existence of Allah and His powers that is above all individuals, therefore, we must submit our prayers & worships only to our creator instead of making partners or relatives to Him. It refutes all forms of shirk in beliefs & actions. We should not accept, in any form, the claims of lordship other than Allah or humanitarian relationship of anyone with God as it will be SHIRK. 6. Al-Fatiha [1: 1 – 7] 6 a- Themes: This discusses about the Allah’s relation with the created world. This Surah is known as “Umm ul Qur’an”. The Surah comprehensively sums up man’s relation to Allah in prayer. It describes that we need to praise Allah because He is worthy of all praise. Qur’an says, “Allah is He (that is) free of all wants, worthy of all praise” (31:26 Al Luqman). We praise Him for our inner education & consolation. If prayer in from our inmost being, it unites us with Allah and we could have His Mercy here & on final day. Man also needs to worship him & seek His guidance to acknowledge His Mercy, peace & harmony on us & purging out evil & rebellion from us. 6 b- It indicates that all benefits received by humans either by nature or other creature, its real source is Allah. Allah showers us His mercy in many ways by protecting, guiding and helping us to lead better lives. Man should never lose hopes in Allah’s Mercy and should seek His help & favour all the time. He will question us about the way we spent our life as the Master of the Day of Judgment. We have to pray Him to show us the path of true guidance. It is place is three phases, one is to admit and praise Allah, second is to commit with Allah, and final is to demand His blessings. This Surah has great impetus in prayer because without its recitation, daily 5 times prayers would be incomplete. This is also known as Surah Hamd. 7. Al-Baqarah [2: 21 – 22] 7 a- Themes: This discusses about the Allah’s relation with the created world, about the creation of Allah and He as a cherisher of all mankind. This Passage puts demand of Allah to worship Him alone as He is the Creator of everything on earth & heavens. It is said in Holy Qur’an, “It is He who has created for you all things that are on earth; then He turned to the heaven & made them into seven firmaments ….” (2:29). It explains the creation of man himself and creation of earth & heavens. It says about the blessings for men of Pouring rain and growing fruits Lastly it commands not to compare Him with His creatures or other false gods who have o power of their own. 7 b- It portrays the practical display of the concept of Tawhid and declaration of Faith which marks the first step to become a true Muslim. According to this passage, Muslims are enjoined to exhibit Taqwa from their actions and by refuting shirk. It points out that a wise person would learn the lessons from the system of nature and then would believe that all Authority & Glory rests with Allah alone. On the other hand, an ignorant will shut his eyes to all the evidences of the existence of Allah. It highlights the difference between ignorant who will regret when the reality of death dawns while wise will rejoice. 8. Al-Alaq [96: 1 – 5] 8 a- Themes: It tells the theme of Allah’s relation with the created world. This is the First revelation of Allah on Prophet Muhammad (SAWS). It refers to the Divine Message came to Holy Prophet (SAWS) in Cave Hira to preach and proclaim Tauheed of Allah and Prophecy of Muhammad (SAWS). This is said in Surah al-Mudassar and Surah al-Sho’ara. Muhammad (SAWS) was given the Divine words to preach after his spiritual enlightenment so the revelation came to him to declare his mission. It talks about the creation of men. Man was created be an insignificant drop of germ cell. It highlights that Almighty Allah bestowed man with the knowledge. 8 b- Almighty Allah made man superior through knowledge and enable him to read & write with the help of pen. Human ability to hold and make use of pen is supportive evidence of his mind’s superiority. It indicates the link between knowledge & pen together. Pen is one of the most important tools of spreading knowledge. However, acquisition of knowledge is not restricted to the use of pen. We are blessed with minds which help us to understand our surroundings & happenings due to which we can derive the true path to live a successful life. True source of the knowledge is Almighty Allah who blessed us with knowledge of those which are beneficial for us or unseen. 9. Zilzaal [99: 1 – 8] 9 a-Themes: It tells the theme of Allah’s relation with the created world. It is an early Madani Surah that tells us the horrors of the Last Day and the Outcomes of the Judgement. The Surah indicates the damages and stress of the Day of Judgment. The earthquake of that day will be bigger and far more reaching than any earthquakes. The dead will arise again. Man will be brought forwarded to his Lord in separate groups for Judgment. Allah will be the only Judge there. Holy Qur’an says, “….. to Him do all questions go back (for decision)” (3:109). Man will be given rewards justly on the basis of his actions. 9 b- Belief in Hereafter is one of the fundamentals of Islam. It shows that man is accountable for every action & cannot afford to dwell a life in ignorance. Generally, it is our habit that we continue doing misdeeds which we consider insignificant and harmless and avoid doing such acts of virtue which are easy but appear insignificant to us. It guides us to give consideration to all acts as these would lead us to a better destination. We must realize that wealth which we strive all our energies & efforts will yield us no pleasure or benefit on the last day whose scene might be horrible. The utmost effort must be made to abstain from the sins because man is also accountable for them to Allah. 10. Surah Naas [114: 1 – 5] 10 a-Themes: This is the 2nd of Al-Muwwadhatain. It tells about the Allah’s relation with the created world. The surah pointed out the necessity of Allah’s protection against internal factors. It indicates mans’ threefold relation with Allah. He is the Maker of men & sustainer who provides al means and protection against evil. He is the King above all earthly kings. He has the authority to guide man’ conduct. He is the Judge to whom mankind must return and give account of their deeds. Quran says: “.. To Allah we belong to Him is out return”(2:156). From all these aspects, man should seek His protection against evils whisperer. 10 b- Believers are to remember that Allah the Almighty is the sole Master, Lord and Monarch of all humans, has full powers to undo all evils. The severity of the harm caused by the satan is much more than those caused by worldly forces of evil result in illness or other worldly hazards. It indicates that satanic temptations infers the man’s hearts either through jinn or evil doers in shape of men. We must believe that the Lord of all creations is the Only Power Who can protect us from all harmful influences. He, as the King & Rabb, has authority over the forces of both good & evil, so we must seek refuge in Him. Whenever Satan infuse wicked ideas or desires, we should seek His protection against evil. Allah guides us to seek refuge in Him by recitation of this Surah. 11. Surah Al-Baqarah [2: 30 – 37] 11 a- Theme: Allah’s relation with His messenger Adam (A.S). About the high status of man and his appointment as Allah’s vicegerent on earth with ref. of Hazrat Adam (A.S). It reasons the superiority of man over others because of the knowledge granted to him. Knowledge is superior over worship that’s why Angels who all the time praises Allah couldn’t be made His vicegerent on earth. Knowledge is one of the attributes of Allah worshipping isn’t therefore knowledge has got preference. Qur’an says: From Allah verily nothing is hidden on earth or in the heavens (3:5). It further speaks about the desperate creature Iblis who after being condemned became man’s enemy. It further mentions expelling of Adam and Eve from heaven due to their free will & Satanic temptations. Lastly the verses tell us about the inspiration taught by Allah to Hazrat Adam for repenting & His forgiveness. 11 b- Man become vicegerent or earth because of knowledge & quality of seeking repentance. He endured with emotions, love, wills that led him to the highest or drag to the lowest. Satanic enmity shows that his temptation are meant to pull out the man from garden & pleasure and Satan teaches to disobey the Lord. The tool of repentance is taught by Allah through which man tries to confront devil’s temptations. We must observe that knowledge is an unseen wealth & blessing of Allah like happiness, health, fame are the intangible blessings of Allah, so we have to govern the affairs of justice in all respects, obey divine command and thus we enjoy privilege of blessings of Allah. We should not forget to seek forgiveness from Allah frequently for our known & unknown disobediences or mistakes. 12. Al-Anaam [6:75 – 79] 12 a- Theme: Allah’s relation with His messenger Hazrat Ibrahim (A.S). Signifies the quest of Hazrat Ibrahim (A.S) for his true Lord. Hazrat Ibrahim’s ancestors were idol worshippers but his ancestral idols meant nothing to him. He lived among the Chaldeans who had great knowledge of stars & heavenly bodies so he began to see the idea of worshipping distant shiny objects. He got beyond that physical world and saw the spiritual world behind. The verses show the spiritual enlightenment of Hazrat Ibrahim (A.S). Quran ordains: Behold! His Lord said to him “Bow (your will to Me). He said “I bow (my will) to the Lord & Cherisher of the universe” (2:131). Allah showed him with certitude of the spiritual glories behind this physical world. 12 b- Allah always strengthened the faith by showing the contrast between the temporary shine of the creation and the eternal glow of the creator. It is highly significant, in emphasis, points out that foolishness of ignorant of worshipping the creations rather than the one who created then. It indicates that a thing which is subject to change by some other force is misfit to be worshipped. The objects such as the sun, moon, stars etc. are dependent upon the will of their creator. It means that the Truth should be conveyed to the people in an inspiring way so it leads to the acceptance of the faith. We must alone Allah, not His signs as these are for human use. 13. Al-Maidah [5:110] 13 a-Themes: Allah’s relation with His messenger Hazrat Isa (A.S). Scene of Day of Judgment is put in graphic words when Allah recounts His favors to Hazrat Isa (A.S) & his mother, Hazrat Maryam (A.S). Birth of Hazrat Isa(A.S) without a father is a miracle given to H. Maryam (A.S). The miracles given to Hazrat Isa (A.S) are mentioned. -Miracle of putting spirit into bird, speaking eloquently in all ages, curing incurable diseases, knowledge of books Torah & Injeel. Quran confirms: “We gave Jesus, the son of Mary, clear (signs) and strengthened him with the Holy Spirit …..” (2:87). The passage emphasizes that all these Miracles happens by the power of Allah not by the power of Jesus (A.S) himself. 13 b- The passage shows that God is all Powerful. He loves humans so He sent Prophets to guide mankind. It strengthens ones belief in Prophets. It reminds us of our insignificance and accountability to Allah. It shows us that Jesus was a sign & proof of the power of Allah over all things. It tells us that Prophet was granted miracles according to the nature & circumstances in the time period during which he was sent, these miracles were regarding medical and health concerns as those were concerns on the peak. Similarly, Prophet (صلی اللھ علیہ وآلہ وسلم) was given the greatest miracle of Holy Qur’an for all times and it was revealed when the world drowned in ignorance of moral & spiritual nature, thus Prophet (صلی اللھ علیہ وآلہ وسلم) enlightens the world with true guidance through Qur’an. 14. Ad-Duha [93: 1 – 11] 14 a- Themes: Allah’s relation with His Messenger, Holy Prophet (PBUH). Revealed in order to remove Holy Prophet’s (PBUH) anxiety. Allah consoles His Prophet by taking the Oath of Day & night that He never leaves or displeased with His Messenger. Allah pleases His Messenger with glad tiding for the better future life. Allah reminds in Quran : “ Verily He has granted you the found of Abundance” (108:1). Allah recounts His blessings to Holy Prophet that He guided & supported him when he was lacking in supervision, guidance and wealth. In return of such blessings duties and directions are given to His Messenger of kind treatment and preaching good. 14 b- It makes us realize that metaphorical use of day and night in passage actually represents revelation and rest, thus break in revelation was due. It shows that Allah promised Prophet (صلی اللھ علیہ وآلہ وسلم) to give him so much and the truth of promise became evident when Islam was spreaded rapidly during the lifetime of Prophet (صلی اللھ علیہ وآلہ وسلم) & even his bitterest enemies entered the fold of Islam. It proves that Allah never fails to fulfill His promise. Believers are enjoined to be kind towards orphans so we must not be stone-hearted & repulse orphans but share warm concerns for our fellow beings instead. It shows that Allah instructs Muhammad (صلی اللھ علیہ وآلہ وسلم) specially & mankind generally, not to pushes away the petitioner brutally but kindness is promoted by Allah amongst His servants. Allah consoles His messengers and servants as I when He wills. 15. Surah Al-Kausar [108: 1 – 3] 15 a- Themes: Allah’s relation with His Messenger, Holy Prophet (PBUH) Shortest surah of Holy Quran. The surah was revealed in order to console Holy Prophet (PBUH). Allah consoles His Messengers by bestowing them greater rewards here & in life hereafter. The Holy Prophet (PBUH) was granted blessings in abundance. The duty comes on us then to turn to Allah alone in thanksgiving and in sacrifice. Quran teaches; “Say truly my prayer & my service of sacrifice, my life and my death are (all) for Allah, the Cherisher of the worlds”. (6:162) Al-Anaam. Allah condemns the enemies of His Messenger there who hates him or taunts him. 15 b- It mentions the strength of Allah’s feelings for His Prophet (صلی اللھ علیہ وآلہ وسلم) and importance He gave him as He consoled him against the taunting of pagans. Allah promised His Prophet (صلی اللھ علیہ وآلہ وسلم) for KAUSAR which means ‘good in abundance’ in spiritual and physical means. Allah fulfilled His promise spiritually in terms of revelation of Qur’an Prophethood, guidance and in form of billions of his followers. Physically, it is river of paradise. Allah further, promised that the enemies of the Prophet (صلی اللھ علیہ وآلہ وسلم) could not escape the wrath of Allah. So man must abstain from acting in a manner which incites the anger of the creator. We are enjoined to offer prayers with discipline and devotion and perform sacrifices of aimed in the way of Allah as Prophet (صلی اللھ علیہ وآلہ وسلم) was asked to remember Him by regular prayer in order to deserve His special favour. 1. Surah Baqarah (2:255) a) Themes & Teachings: Ø Allah in himself. Verse of Throne Ø The main theme of Surah is His Tawhid Ø Allah is unlike other beings. Ø He doesn’t have any relation. Ø He has the greatest knowledge, both of the manifest and of the hidden Ø “It is He who knows what is open in speech and what you hide (in your hearts)”. (21:110) Ø The throne represents how great His power & knowledge is. Ø Power to control everything on earth & heavens & knowledge of everything that happens. b) How teachings can be practiced: · One of the most important passages about Tawhid. · His attribute of ‘Al-Qayyum’ includes His independency and being limitless time and space. · As He is perfect in life so as He in activity. He doesn’t need rest nor does He slow down in activity. · He has the knowledge of everything because everything is His. Differences between Allah & men are mentioned. Sleep & Slumber, Dependency, Limitation in life knowledge & authority. 2. Surah Anam (6:101-103) a) Themes & Teachings: Ø Makki Surah. Tells us about His Tawhid, absolute unity and authority over all universe Ø Describes His oneness in Creation that He created entire universe solely. Ø Relevant Reference: “ To Him belong all that is in the heaven and on earth, For verily Allah- He is free of all wants, worthy of praises.” (Al-Hajj 22:64) Ø Elaborates His oneness in Existence, when He alone created entire universe amazingly, why odes He needs support of children or grandchildren? Ø Highlights His attribute of being so fine and subtle as to be invisible to physical eye & imperceptible to the senses. b) How teachings can be practiced: Ø It refutes the claim of unbelievers with reference of that Allah has no wife or partner from whom His children could be. Ø Even Christians don’t dare to relate Hazrat Maryam (A.S) (God Forbid) as Allah’s wife. Ø He is worthy of praises and worship because due to His significant attributes, like His power to handle everything solely, He deserves to be designated as God Ø Latif means here so fine to be invisible to man. Ø It is He who can see anything but man’s eye isn’t rewarded with the power to see Him though will be rewarded in life hereafter. Ø Khabir means one who understands the finest mysteries. He knows everything where He is inaccessible to human comprehension. 3. Surah Fussilat (41: 37-39) a) Themes & Teachings: Ø Allah in himself Ø The revelation shows some of the signs of Allah which signifies His Wisdom, Glory & Power. Ø These signs are shown to men to bring their attention towards their Creator so they worship Him alone and praise Him. Ø His kingdom will not diminish if the disbelievers do not believe in Him, nor will it be extended if many people believe in Him. On the contrary, the disbelievers will lose, and the believers will gain, but Allah is above all of that. Ø “… but if any deny faith, Allah stands not in need of any of His creatures.” (3:97) Ø Lastly the revelation discusses another unique power of Allah to raise men again after death just as He gives life to barren land by pouring rain. b) Distinctiveness: Ø Night and Day are opposites but they both are made for the purpose of human good. Night can give rest & day can promote activity. Sun & moon are complementary. Ø These signs are nothing but instruments of Allah so we are asked to use them but not to adore them. Ø If entire mankind becomes believer or unbeliever it doesn’t affect His Glory because it is for men’s earn or loss. His Glory is being celebrated 24/7 by Angels. Ø Sending down rain on barren land is used as a metaphor on sending down revelation on evil souls. Like the rain gives life & beauty to barren land the word of Allah has same effect on the spirit of men. 4. Surah Shura (42:4-5) a) Themes & Teachings: Ø Allah in himself; Ø Makki Surah-Describes Oneness of Allah in Lordship and His exclusive ownership of the earth and heavens. Ø Explains the greatness and sublimity of Allah that the highest heavens are almost ready to burst into pieces by His Glory. Ø Further elaborates His mercy that due to His acceptance of prayers of Angels & forgiveness for men the earth isn’t burst by his glory. Ø “…… But My mercy extends to all things ….” (7:156) c) Distinctiveness: · Represents His attributes of being Most High from the highest of His creatures like heaven and most great from the noblest of His beings Angels. · We can’t even conceive the distance which separates most high from the highest & most great from the greatest. · The presence of the world, heavens and men all remains and existed by His Mercy & Forgiveness else the burden of innumerable Angels on heavens and His glory are enough to burst it all. · Due to prayers of Angles in favor of men(believers). He forgives the errors of men and gives more time and chances to the unbelievers to join His righteous path. 5. Surah Ikhlas (112:1-4) a) Themes & Teachings: Ø Allah in himself. Ø One third of Holy Quran Ø Describes Tawhid. His Oneness in Existence Ø No plurality of God. Ø “And your God is One God…….” (2:163). Ø He doesn’t have any partner or ancestors etc. Ø He can’t be conceived in our own pattern. He is matchless. b) Distinctiveness: · Most important Surah to describe all four merits for Lordship. One, Never ending, single and incomparable. · It negates the idea of Polytheism. · Samad includes 1) His Absolute existence 2) he is dependent on No person. This negates the idea of god & goddess who eats & drinks. · It also refutes the Christian idea of ‘godhead’. 6. Surah Fatiha (1:1-7) a) Themes & Teachings: Ø Allah’s relation with the created world. Umm ul Quran. Ø The surah comprehensively summing up man’s relation to Allah in prayer. Ø Describes that we need to praise Allah b/c He is worthy of all praise. Ø Allah is He ( that is) free of all wants, worthy of all praise” (31:26-Al Luqman) Ø We praise Him for our inner education & consolation. Ø If prayer in from our inmost being, it unites us with Allah and we could have His Mercy here & on final day. Ø Man also needs to worship him & seek His guidance to acknowledge His Mercy, peace & harmony on us & purging out evil & rebellion from us. b) Distinctiveness: · On realizing the attributes of Allah His Mercy & sustenance, we bend in the act of worship and seeking His guidance. · Sirat ul Mustakim is the path of righteousness He wants us to follow & only He could show us that. · Our own wisdom may fail in finding the way to righteousness. · If we get dependant on ourselves and break God’s laws we will be responsible for the wrath and getting away from His path. · It’s only Allah who can save us from both Wrath and going astray. 7. Surah Baqarah (2:21-22) a) Themes & Teachings: Ø Allah’s relation with the created world Ø The creation of Allah and He as a cherisher of all mankind. Ø It puts demand of Allah to worship Him alone as He is the Creator of everything on earth & heavens. Ø It is He who has created for you all things that are on earth; then He turned to the heaven & made them into seven firmaments ….” (2:29) Ø Further explains the creation of man himself and creation of earth & heavens. Ø Pouring rain and growing fruits are also indicated as His blessings for man. Ø Lastly it commands not to compare Him with His creatures or other false gods who have o power of their own. b) Distinctiveness: · Adoration is the act of highest, humblest reverence & worship.When we get into that relation with Allah, our faith provides work of righteousness which is Taqwa. · Taqwa is guarding one’s tongue; hands & heart from evil for Allah hence achieve righteousness. · Worshipping Him doesn’t only mean to pray before Him but also to stay away from evils & remain piety. · The creation of earth & heaven signifies the most gifted place for men to spend his physical & spiritual life on it with the canopy of heaven known as sky. 8. Surah Alaq (96:1-5) a) Themes & Teachings: Ø Allah’s relation with the created world. First revelation. Ø This refers to the Divine Message came to Holy Prophet (PBUH) in cave Hira to preach and proclaim. Ø Be you not arrogant against one, but came to Me in submission (to the true religion). Mohammad (PBUH) needed Divine words to preach after his spiritual enlightenment so the revelation came to him to declare his mission. Ø It talks about the creation of men. Man was created b an insignificant drop of germ cell. Ø Allah bestowed man with the knowledge also. Ø Distinctiveness: The declaration of Prophet’s mission was for the benefit of erring humanity though it caused sorrow & bitter persecution to Prophet (PBUH). Ø The meaning of (Qara’) refers not only to one person but also gives universal direction. Ø The responsibility of spreading Divine’s knowledge also came to the one who read & understand Quran. Ø Pen is represented as a source of spreading knowledge and recording it. Ø It is Allah who gradually teaches man everything man knows; knowledge of spiritual and physical worlds both which is the blessing for mankind. 9. Surah Zilzal (99:1-8) a) Themes & Teachings: Ø Allah’s relation with the created world. Early Madani surah Ø The surah indicates the damages and stress of the Day of Judgment. Ø The earthquake of that day will be bigger and far more reaching than any earthquakes. Ø The dead will arise again. Ø Man will be brought forwarded to his Lord in separate groups for Judgment. Ø Allah will be the only Judge there. Ø “….. to Him do all questions go back (for decision) (3:109) Ø Man will be given rewards justly on the basis of his actions. b) Distinctiveness: · Inspiration is something which is put into mind or heart by Allah. · Inspiration here is the command of Allah by which alone all evens do proceed on that day. · Like the earthquakes with volcanic eruption bring out lava from beneath the crust, the earth on that day’s earthquake will throw man out. · In this world good & bad are mixed together. But on final day they will be sorted out in groups. · Signifies the smallest and subtlest form of good and evil will be brought to an account. · All the matters of Judgment will be done openly and Justly. 10. Surah Nas (114: 1-6) a) Themes & Teachings: Ø Allah’s relation with the created world. 2nd of Al-Muwadhatain Ø The surah pointed out the necessity of Allah’s protection against internal factors. Ø It indicates mans’ threefold relation with Allah Ø He is the Maker of men & sustainer who provides al means and protection against evil. Ø He is the King above all earthly kings. He has the authority to guide man’ conduct. Ø He is the Judge to whom mankind must return and give account of their deeds. Ø “…. To Allah we belong to Him is out return” (2:156) Ø From all these aspects, man should seek His protection against evils whisperer. b) Distinctiveness: Ø Purpose of repetition of God’s titles that He is the safest refuge from evils of whisperer indicated in Surah. Ø Whisperer is the one who puts evil suggestion into the hearts of mankind so believers are lured away from faith. Ø When believer remembers Allah the devils withdraws. Ø Whisperer could be devil himself or his partners. Ø They could be from man or jinn. Ø Man’s own evil temptation could also be the source of whispering at times. Ø So refuge must be sought from the Best Protector against evil, Al-mighty Allah. 11. Surah Baqarah (2:30-37) a) Themes & Teachings: Ø Allah’s relation with His messenger Adam (A.S) Ø About the high status of man and his appointment as Allah’s vicegerent on earth with ref. of Hazrat Adam (A.S) Ø It reasons the superiority of man over others because of the knowledge granted to him. Ø Knowledge is superior over worship that’s why Angels who all the time praises Allah couldn’t be made His vicegerent on earth. Ø Knowledge is one of the attributes of Allah worshipping isn’t therefore knowledge has got preference Ø Relevant Reference: From Allah verily nothing is hidden on earth or in the heavens. (3:5) Ø It further speaks about the desperate creature Iblis who after being condemned became man’s enemy. Ø It further mentions expelling of Adam and Eve from heaven due to their free will & Satanic temptations. Ø Lastly the verses tell us about the inspiration taught by Allah to Hazrat Adam for repenting & His forgiveness. b) Distinctiveness: · Hazrat Adam (A.S) was made superior to Angels by Allah & appointed as His vicegerent on earth. · Angels questioned about the vicegerency of Hazrat Adam (man) on earth b/c rather being perfect in their own way they are without emotion & passion of which the highest flower is love. · Hazrat Adam (A.S) was endued with emotions passion, love & power of will. · These emotions could lead man to the highest or drag him to the lowest. · Names of things taught to Hazrat Adam (A.S) means the inner nature & ualities of things includes feelings thus man was able to love & understand love. · They bowed down to Hazrat Adam (A.S) NOT so iblis means that he isn’t among the angels he is a jinn. · Satan is called by two names here Iblis & Satan. Iblis comes from the root idea of desperateness and Satan from the root idea of Enmity. · Man was expelled from Garden when he disobeyed Allah in order to examine hi again then to send back in Heaven. 12. Surah Anaam (6: 75-79) a) Themes & Teachings: Ø Allah’s relation with His messenger Hazrat Ibrahim (A.S) Ø Signifies the quest of Hazrat Ibrahim (A.S) for his true Lord. Ø Hazrat Ibrahim’s ancestors were idol worshippers but his ancestral idols meant nothing to him. Ø He lived among the Chaldeans who had great knowledge of stars & heavenly bodies so he began to see the idea of worshipping distant shiny objects. Ø He got beyond that physical world and saw the spiritual world behind. Ø The verses show the spiritual enlightenment of Hazrat Ibrahim (A.S) Ø Behold! His Lord said to him “Bow (your will to Me). He said “I bow (my will) to the Lord & Cherisher of the universe”. (2:131) Ø Allah showed him with certitude of the spiritual glories behind this physical world. b) Distinctiveness: Ø Hazrat Ibrahim (A.S) realized that these shiny distant objects are actually the labors of God who on their settled timings appears & disappears. Ø His statement “This is my Lord” is in negative tone as Is this my Lord? Or This is my Lord according to your faith & speculation. Ø So first he denies star whose light is extinguished in broader light of day. Ø Then the moon whose light is dependent on other body & also changes its shapes. Ø Lastly he refuses to accept sun as his Lord which isn’t really biggest object as it is seen also it comes forth & go. Ø He finally declares that he accepts his Lord the One who created these objects. 13. Surah Maidah (5:110) a) Themes & Teachings: Ø Allah’s relation with His messenger Hazrat Isa (A.S). Ø Scene of Day of Judgment is put in graphic words when Allah recounts His favors to Hazrat Isa (A.S) & his mother, Hazrat Maryam (A.S). Ø Birth of Hazrat Isa(A.S) without a father is a miracle given to H. Maryam (A.S) Ø The miracles given to Hazrat Isa (A.S) are mentioned. Ø -Miracle of putting spirit into bird, speaking eloquently in all ages, curing incurable diseases, knowledge of books Torah & Injeel. Ø “He gave Jesus, the son of Mary, clear (signs) and strengthened him with the Holy Spirit …..” (2:87) Ø The surah emphasizes that all these miracles happens by the power of Allah not by the power of Jesus (A.S) himself. b) Distinctiveness: · Favoring a child is favoring mother in a sense. · Allah showed signs to Hazrat Maryam (A.S) for her inner satisfaction & relief. · The power of Holy Spirit on spiritual world is as much powerful as electricity on physical world. · Allah related Hazrat Isa (A.S) with this Holy Spirit due to which he could perform all such miracles. · is repeated to emphasize that all happens with the power of Allah. · Allah saved Hazrat Isa (A.S) from the threats of Jews who disbelieved him and wanted to crucify him in which they also failed. 14. Surah Duha (93: 1-11) a) Themes & Teachings: Ø Allah’s relation with His Messenger, Holy Prophet (PBUH) Ø Revealed in order to remove Holy Prophet’s (PBUH) anxiety. Ø Allah consoles His Prophet by taking the Oath of Day & night that He never leaves or displeased with His Messenger. Ø Allah pleases His Messenger with glad tiding for the better future life. Ø “ Verily He has granted you the found of Abundance” (108:1) Ø Allah recounts His blessings to Holy Prophet that He guided & supported him when he was lacking in supervision, guidance and wealth. Ø In return of such blessings duties and directions are given to His Messenger of kind treatment and preaching good. b) Distinctiveness: Ø Metaphorical use of Day & Night represents Revelation and Rest. Ø Holy Prophet (PBUH) couldn’t withstand the continuous revelation. Allah provided him a break for restoring peace in him. Ø The break in revelation was due to this. Ø Allah assured He wasn’t angry with His Messenger and He promised to give His Messenger complete satisfaction in future life. Ø Future life isn’t only hereafter but the remaining life here also. Ø Allah has also been kind to His Messenger in past when He provided support thru Abu Talib & Hazrat Khadija and guidance thru Angel Jibrael Ø . Ø implies duty to proclaim and share the Bounty of Allah. The duty of preaching which Messengers did is also for followers to do. 15. Surah Kausar (108: 1-3) a) Themes & Teachings: Ø Allah’s relation with His Messenger, Holy Prophet (PBUH) Ø Shortest surah of Quran. Ø The surah was revealed in order to console Holy Prophet (PBUH). Ø Allah consoles His Messenger b bestowing them greater rewards here & in life hereafter. Ø The Holy Prophet (PBUH) was granted blessings in abundance. Ø The duty comes on us then to turn to Allah alone in thanksgiving and in sacrifice. Ø “Say truly my prayer & my service of sacrifice, my life and my death are (all) for Allah, the Cherisher of the worlds”. (6:162 -Al-Anaam). Ø Allah condemns the enemies of His Messenger there who hates him or taunts him. b) Distinctiveness: Ø Means ‘good in abundance’. This is all granted to Holy prophet · in spiritual and physical means. Ø Spiritually it is the revelation, prophet hood, knowledge of good, truth etc. Physically it is the river of fountain in heaven which will be granted to Holy Prophet (PBUH) Means sacrifice of camels but it has a deep spiritual meaning. The slaughtered meat feeds the poor and the slaughter is the symbol of self-sacrifice in our hearts. Ø Allah cuts off the enemies of Prophet (PBUH) form all future hopes in this world and the next. Ø The Holy Prophet (PBUH) is granted with this abundance of followers. Millions of followers all over the world obey his teachings. *****************************************************************